Mikro punya susah

seminggu diberi masa.....semalam baru siap (malam sebelum hantar pagi esok)......
punya susah la baru dapat maklumat yng En Hatta (BAND HUHA)  nak minta ni...


siapa lagi kalau bukan big boss kami yang dapat maklumat ni...(tak pasti dia ambik kat mana)...


apa lagi..salin la..


kepada geng DKE 6A yng nak maklumat ni..ambik jak...

Coax cable attenuation / loss

Attenuation is a key specification for all coax cables. The function of a coax cable is to transfer radio frequency power from one point to another. In doing so, in the ideal world, the same amount of power should exit from the remote end of the coax cable as enters it. However in the real world this is not so, and some power is lost along the length of the RF cable, and less power reaches the remote end than enters the RF cable.

Coax cable attenuation

The power loss caused by a coax cable is referred to as attenuation. It is defined in terms of decibels per unit length, and at a given frequency. Obviously the longer the coax cable, the greater the loss, but it is also found that the loss is frequency dependent, broadly rising with frequency, although the actual level of loss is not linearly dependent upon the frequency.

For virtually all applications the minimum level of loss is required. The power is lost in a variety of ways:

• Resistive loss
• Dielectric loss
• Radiated loss

Of all these forms of loss, the radiated loss is generally the least important as only a very small amount of power is generally radiated from the cable. Accordingly most of the focus on reducing loss is placed onto the conductive and dielectric losses.

• Resistive loss:    Resistive losses within the coax cable arise from the resistance of the conductors and the current flowing in the conductors results in heat being dissipated. The actual area through which the current flows in the conductor is limited by the skin effect, which becomes progressively more apparent as the frequency rises. To help overcome this multi-stranded conductors are often used. To reduce the level of loss due in the coax cable, the conductive area must be increased and this results in low loss coax cables being made larger. However it is found that the resistive losses increase as the square root of the frequency.
• Dielectric loss:     The dielectric loss represent another of the major losses arising in most coax cables. Again the power lost as dielectric loss is dissipated as heat. It is found that the dielectric loss is independent of the size of the RF cable, but it does increase linearly with frequency. This means that resistive losses normally dominate at lower frequencies. However as resistive losses increase as the square root of frequency, and dielectric losses increase linearly, the dielectric losses dominate at higher frequencies.
• Radiated loss:     The radiated loss of a coax cable is normally much less than the resistive and dielectric losses. However some very cheap coax cables may have a very poor outer braid and in these cases it may represent a noticeable element of the loss. Power radiated, or picked up by a coax cable is more of a problem in terms of interference. Signal radiated by the coax cable may result in high signal levels being present where they are not wanted. For example leakage from a coax cable carrying a feed from a high power transmitter may give rise to interference in sensitive receivers that may be located close to the coax cable. Alternatively a coax cable being used for receiving may pick up interference if it passes through an electrically noisy environment. It is normally for these reasons that additional measures are taken in ensuring the outer screen or conductor is effective. Double, or even triple screened coax cables are available to reduce the levels of leakage to very low levels.

Coax cable attenuation with time

It is found that the attenuation of coax cables increases over a period of time for a number of reasons. The main reasons are as a result of flexing, and moisture entry into the RF cable. As the degradation and increase in loss depends to some degree on the construction of the coax cable, this may affect he choice of which cable to employ.

Although many coax cables are flexible, the level of loss or attenuation will increase, particularly if the RF cable is bent sharply, even if within the makers recommended bend radius. This increase in loss can arise as a result of disruption to the braid or screen, and as a result of changes to the dielectric. At frequencies of 1 GHz with RF cables normally exhibiting a loss of 10 dB, there could be an increase of a decibel or so.

Even if a cable is not flexed, there can be a gradual degradation in performance over time. This can be caused by contamination of the braid by the plastictisers in the outer sheath. Additionally moisture penetration can affect both the braid where it causes corrosion, and it may enter the dielectric where the moisture will tend to absorb power.

It is found that the loss in coax cables that use either bare copper braid, or tinned copper braid exhibit more degradation than those with silver plated braids, although the later are more expensive. Additionally it is found that braids using tinned copper exhibit about 20% greater loss than those using bare copper, but they are more stable over time.

The dielectric also has an effect. It is found that some versions of polyethene can absorb moisture more readily than other types. Although foam polyethene offers a lower level of loss or attenuation when new, it absorbs moisture more readily than the solid types. Accordingly coax cables with solid dielectric polyethene are more suited to environments where the level of loss needs to remain constant, or where moisture may be encountered.

Although RF cables are enclosed in a plastic sheath, many of the plastics used will allow some moisture to pass through them. For applications where moisture may be encountered, specialized cables should be used otherwise the performance will degrade.

Summary

The loss introduced by a coax cable is of paramount importance. Any power that is lost in the RF cable will degrade the performance of the system in which it is used. However the decision of which RF cable to use may not just rest in deciding which cable provides the lowest loss, but in a variety of parameters including its size, weight and also its long term stability

Berjaya?? DKE 6A pun nak..

kepada yng ingin sesiapa yg nak rasa jadi pandai...bolehlah mohon mana mana ipt di bawah ni...ni cuma sebahagian sja ni..                                                                                                                

gambar gua dgn geng DKE 5A skg DKE 6A la..

geng paling meriah dengan ketawa n bising... 

 Cara nak berjaya????

1. belajar...

2. membaca..

3. doa...

4. ulang langka 1 sampai 3 sebanyak yg boleh .

Universiti Darul Iman Malaysia (UDM)

Canseleri

Kampus Kota

Jalan Sultan Mahmud

Kuala Terengganu

20400 Terengganu

http://www.udm.edu.my 

Tel  : 09-6664466

Faks : 09-6662566

Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM)

Jalan Gombak,

53100 Gombak,

Selangor

http://www.iiu.edu.my 

 Tel  : 03-61964000

Faks : 03-61964053

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

43600 Bangi,

Selangor

http://www.ukm.my 

 Tel  : 03-89215001

Faks : 03-89214242

Universiti Malaya (UM)

Lembah Pantai,

50603 Kuala Lumpur

http://www.um.edu.my 

Tel  : 03-79568400

Faks : 03-79547551

E-mel : test@email.com

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)

Karung Berkunci 36,

Pengkalan Chepa,

16100 Kelantan

http://www.umk.edu.my 

 E-mel : akademik_umk@hotmail.com

 

Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)

Beg Berkunci 12,

Kuantan,

25500 Pahang

http://www.ump.edu.my 

Tel   : 09-5492003

Faks : 09-5492222

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

Tkt. 11, Bangunan KWSP,

Jalan Bukit Lagi,

01000 Kangar,

Perlis

http://www.unimap.edu.my 

 Tel  : 04-9798044

Faks  : 04-9778013

Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)

Beg Berkunci 2073,

88899 Kota Kinabalu,

Sabah

http://www.ums.edu.my 

 Tel  : 088-320203

Faks : 088-320217

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)

Kota Samarahan,

93400 Kuching,

Sarawak

http://www.unimas.my 

 Tel  : 082-671000

Faks : 082- 672 411 

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

21030 Mengabang Telipot,

Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu

http://www.umt.edu.my 

 Tel  : 09-6693102

Faks  : 09-6697418

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)

Jalan Slim,

35900 Tanjung Malim,

Perak

http://www.upsi.edu.my 

 Tel  : 05-4596200

Faks : 05-4582773

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM)

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia

Kem Sungai Besi

57000 Kuala Lumpur

http://www.upnm.edu.my/ 

 Tel     : 0390512698

E-mel  : info@upnm.edu.my

Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

43400 Serdang,

Selangor

http://www.upm.edu.my 

Tel  : 03-89466000

Faks : 03-89483244

Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia(USIM)

Bandar Baru Nilai,

71800

Nilai,

Negeri Sembilan

http://www.usim.edu.my 

 Tel  : 06-7988000

Faks  : 06-7993843

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

11800 Minden,

Pulau Pinang

http://www.usm.my 

Tel    : 04-6573987

Faks  : 04-6565401

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)

Karung Berkunci 1200,

Ayer Keroh,

75450 Melaka

http://www.kutkm.edu.my 

Tel   : 06-2332234

Faks : 06-2332212

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

81310 Skudai,

Johor

http://www.utm.my 

 Tel  : 07-5575960

Faks  : 07-5579376

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor

http://www.uitm.edu.my 

 Tel : 03-55442001

Faks : 03-55442030

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)

Beg Berkunci 101,

86400 Parit Raja,

Batu Pahat,

Johor

http://www.uthm.edu.my 

 Tel : 07-453 7000/7025/7020/

Faks : 07-4536337

Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)

06010 UUM Sintok

Kedah

http://www.uum.edu.my 

 Tel  : 04-9284000

Faks  : 04-9283016

#####SEMOGA BERJAYA. ....ADA REZEKI  BOLEH LA TU SAMBUNG BELAJAR...AMIN...

.......AMIN....

HP HILANG, BIAR SAMA2 TAK DAPAT

Macam mana ni, hp hilang kena curi. Biar sama2 putih mata buat mcm ni je..

Senang je kalau mahu. Setiap telefon bimbit mempunyai nombor siri IMEI yang

tersendiri. Anda hanya perlu mengetahuinya dan menyimpan catatannya.

Bagaimana untuk tahu nombor IMEI tu????

Senang je Cuma tekan:

* # 0 6 #

tanpa ruang kosong tau….

Nombor yang diberikan adalah 15 digit nombor yang unik bagi setiap

telepon bimbit tak kirala jeis apa hp tu janji hp. Catatkan dan simpan ditempat yang boleh didapatkan semula.

Sekiranya telefon bimbit anda dicuri, anda boleh melaporkan kehilangan

telefon bimbit anda kepada pemberi khidmat telefon bimbit seperti TM,

Maxis atau Digi. Berikan nombor ini kepada mereka supaya ia boleh

disenarai hitamkan. Sekiranya pencuri menukarkan kad SIM, ia masih

tidak dapat digunakan kerana telefon bimbit sudah dihalang penggunaan.

Walaupun anda mungkin tidak lagi mendapat telefon bimbit anda, dengan

menjadikan ia tidak berguna sudah cukup memuaskan hati. sekiranya

setiap daripada kita mencatatkan nombor siri IMEI dan melaporkan

nombor siri ini apabila kehilangan telefon bimbit. Kes-kes kehilangan

dapat dikurangkan kerana tiada guna mencuri telefon bimbit jika tidak

boleh dijual dan digunakan.

Biar sama2 putih mata……

###pastikan hilang dicuri bukan hilang dirumah atau lupa dimana di simpan....takut lepas 2, 3 hari dpt jumpa plk....

yg ada x disayangi, bila x ada baru tercari2

> > ----------------------------------

> > Original message from Good:

> > > > > > > > > > > Aku ada pasangan hidup sendiri....

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila seronok, aku cari....pasanganku Bila sedih, aku cari....Mak

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila berjaya, aku ceritakan pada....pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila gagal, aku ceritakan pada....Mak

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila bahagia, aku peluk erat....pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila berduka, aku peluk erat....Emakku

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila nak bercuti, aku bawa....pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila sibuk, aku hantar anak ke rumah....Mak

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila sambut valentine.. Aku bagi hadiah pada pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila sambut hari ibu...aku cuma dapat ucapkan "Selamat Hari Ibu"

> > > > > > > > > > > Selalu.. aku ingat pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Selalu.. Mak ingat kat aku

> > > > > > > > > > > Bila-bila... aku akan talipon pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Entah bila... aku nak talipon Mak

> > > > > > > > > > > Selalu...aku belikan hadiah untuk pasanganku

> > > > > > > > > > > Entah bila... aku nak belikan hadiah untuk Emak

> > > > > > > > > > > Renungkan:

> > > > > > > > > > > "Kalau kau sudah habis belajar dan berkerja...

> > > > > > > > > > > bolehkah kau kirim wang untuk Mak?

> > > > > > > > > > > Mak bukan nak banyak... lima puluh ringgit sebulan pun cukuplah".

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > Berderai air mata jika kita mendengarnya.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > Tapi kalau Mak sudah tiada..........

> > > > > > > > > > > MAKKKKK...RINDU MAK.... RINDU SANGAT....

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > Berapa ramai yang sanggup menyuapkan ibunya....

> > > > > > > > > > > berapa ramai yang sanggup mencuci muntah ibunya.....

> > > > > > > > > > > berapa ramai yang sanggup. mengantikan lampin ibunya.....

> > > > > > > > > > > berapa ramai yang sanggup..... membersihkan najis ibunya.......

> > > > > > > > > > > berapa ramai yang sanggup....... membuang ulat dan membersihkan luka kudis ibunya....

> > > > > > > > > > > berapa ramai yang sanggup berhenti kerja untuk menjaga ibunya.....

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > Dan akhir sekali berapa ramai yang sembahyang JENAZAH ibunya......

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > >

 

 

sumbangan ikhlas drp:

ExtraOrdinary

betol ke ni....boleh test la..

PROGRAM RM20 TERBARU! BAKAL DILANCARKAN 10JAN 2010! Hari ini kita ada jalan terbaik untuk keluar dari masalah kewangan yang membelenggui hidup kita sekarang. Peluang yang selalunya datang di masa kita tidak bersedia. Hanya mereka yang benar-benar mengambil peluang pasti berjaya. Ramai orang yang telah berjaya mengubah kehidupan dalam masa singkat dengan menceburi perniagaan hebat ini. JANGAN kita hanya MELIHAT dan MENDENGAR tetapi hendaklah kita BERTINDAK segera. Anda tidak akan rugi kerana modal yang diperlukan hanya RM20 saja. Tiada Risiko! Kini anda mampu untuk memperolehi lebih dari itu dengan http://www.janaduit2u.com/?ref=1064 "Sekiranya kita lambat bertindak, esok kehidupan kita tetap sama" http://www.janaduit2u.com/?ref=1064 http://www.janaduit2u.com/?ref=1064